3 Radiography of the fishing mafia sea in Chile
One stanza of the national anthem, that, that many people do chest swell, says: "And the sea that bathes you quiet, I promise the future splendor." Well, as to how quiet you have to ask the scientists of the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of Chilean Navy (SHOA) who said after the earthquake of 27 / F, 2010, with a dangerous and frightening truth safety, NO TSUNAMI!. However, as we all know if there was. In fact, the product of this Constitution in the commune were over a hundred people in the town of Dichato (Tomé Commune, Province of Concepción) killed 25 people. Or perhaps, you also have to ask the thousands of families are still homeless in the fifth and ninth region and still, and at least for another year will live in camps, colloquially called villages.
However, what interests us in this paper is related to the future splendor. Thus, by way of answering the question Who the sea promises and assures future glory?.
To understand how different governments since the return to "democracy" have a privileged few with the enormous wealth inherent in our sea, which together with that bathes the coasts of Peru are one of the five most productive seas the world due to the presence of the upwelling oceanographic regime, we must first place ourselves in the context of the over - exploitation of fisheries resources in Chile. Over - exploitation, in my opinion, relates to the concatenation of three variables: a) Economic Model Exporter, b) the separation between "political and technical" and c) the use of fishing gear and appliances that accelerate overexploitation.
The economic model is essentially based exporter in producing for export. What is boosted with the ongoing free trade agreements that we signed who "govern". Thus, there is a demand which in practice becomes infinity edging, imagine what it means trying to cater to seafood markets in China and India. This huge demand affects production increasing pressure to power supplies, both n the sea and on land. The problem is that in the sea no one is certain what the actual biomass of a particular resource, because, marine populations should be handled with precautionary criteria. However, Law No. 18,892 "General Fisheries and Aquaculture" does not establish that.
This should be concatenated with the rude and dangerous decoupling between "political and technical." Thus, although technical, scientific methods backed internationally estimate an annual global quota removal of a particular resource, the last word belongs to the National Fisheries Council (made up, 3 senior political public confidence in government Time, 7 CEOs by the government of the day, 7 representatives of employers, 7 representatives of labor unions of the companies producing and processing and 5 representatives of artisanal fishermen) that in the attempt to satisfy the huge international market expanded directly the annual fishing quotas.
We must also add the fact that is still used fishing gear and appliances that accelerate the over - exploitation of marine resources. Of these systems and trawls are producing a greater negative impact, by: a) the data were limited selectivity of the target species and size in individuals of harvested resources, b) the harm caused to the marine environment to generate a change in its operation physical - chemical - biological in contact with the bottom of permanently raising the existing sediment there and destroying in its path and irrespective habitat and ecological niches and c) the harm caused to the food chain to accelerate the tendency to over - exploitation of a resource and bycatch by-catch and the incentive to the practice of discarding. In fact, in the trawl fishery for Hake, incidentally capturing about 92 species in total. Of which 42 species are fish, 24 are sharks and rays, 4 are cephalopods like cuttlefish and 19 are crustaceans, starfish and sponges.
So, once acknowledged the state of over - exploitation of the main national fisheries, in 2002 the government, the Militant Socialist Party of Chile, Ricardo Lagos Escobar, who in the words of Ex - Senator and Ex - Secretary General of Socialist Party of Chile Mr. Carlos Altamirano "has been the best center right government of the last century" privatized 12 major domestic fisheries (mackerel, anchovy, Spanish sardine, Sardina Common Hake, Hoki, Hake Southern Hake Three fins, Conger Dorado, Naylon Shrimp, Prawn and Shrimp Colorado Yellow) then handing them to 8 national and 2 foreign companies. However, given the condition of over - exploitation and collapse of fisheries like mackerel and Hake, now and through the business merger are 5 national and 2 multinational companies abroad.
In Northern Chile, from the border with Peru to the southern boundary of the fourth region, extracted with three species of fish quota, the Anchovy, Sardine and mackerel Spanish. Removing them is dominated by three companies which together take 80.2% of the industrial quota. These are (average between 2007 and 2011); a) CORPESCA SA, part of the Angelini group, with 50.4% of the industrial quota for fish in this area, b) Camanchaca Pesquera SA (now merged with Pesquera Bio - Bio SA), belonging to families Fernandez Melendez and Stengel, with 15.7% of the industrial quota for fish in this area and c) Orizon Pesquera SA (merger of SPK SA Fisheries and Fishing San José SA) belonging to the Angelini and Lecaros families and Jorge Meléndez Matetik with 5.4% of the industrial quota for fish in this area. Of the resources referred to emphasizes the removal of the Anchovy, where only CORPESCA SA has an annual fee that exceeds 800,000 tonnes, extraction is more than double that given to the artisanal fisheries sector in the country and represents about 70% removal of the quota for that species nationwide. Capture is designed in a one hundred percent to produce fish meal, in fact, is the leading exporter of fishmeal in the world producing about 6% of world supply.
For the area between the northern boundary of the fifth region of Valparaiso and the northern boundary of the Isla Grande de Chiloé (Region of Los Lagos), extracted with six species of fish quota, the mackerel, anchovy, common sardine, the Hoki and Hake Common Removing them is dominated by four companies together carried 50.2% of the industrial quota for fish. These are (average between 2007 and 2011); a) Fisheries Bluemar SA (merger between Pesquera El Golfo SA and Pesquera Itata SA) families belonging to Santa Cruz, and Sarquis Yaconi, with 16.0% share of industrial fish in this area, b) Orizon Pesquera SA (merger of SPK SA and Pesquera Pesquera San José SA) belonging to the families Lecaros Angelini and Jorge Melendez and Matetik, with 13.8% of the industrial quota for fish in this area , c) Camanchaca Fisheries SA (now merged with Pesquera Bio - Bio SA), belonging to families Fernandez Melendez and Stengel, with 12.9% of the industrial quota for fish in this area and d) Fisheries Seafood SA (ALIMAR ), belonging to the Left - Melendez, with 7.5% of the industrial quota for fish in this area.
For the area between the northern boundary of the Isla Grande de Chiloé (Region of Los Lagos) and the southern boundary of the XII region of Magallanes, extracted with four species of fish quota, the Hake of three fins, the Golden Conger, Austral Hake, Hoki. Removing them is dominated by two multinational companies which together take 80.7% of the industrial quota for fish. These are (average between 2007 and 2011); a) Fisheries Development Company (EMDEPES) SA, belonging to the Japanese company Nippon Suisan Kaisha, which controls 63.4% of the industrial quota to fish in this area, Indeed, it has control of Hoki and Hake Three Fins, where, to this last resort fishing owns 98% of the national industrial quota for this species and b) Fishing Chile SA, a Chilean subsidiary of the Spanish transnational Fishing Nova SA devouring seas from 21 countries. This company has control of 17.3% of the industrial quota for fish in this area, in fact, controls the Golden Eel fishery and toothfish.
Another important fact to understand the continuity of the relationship with the sea that have different "governments" national, is the privatization of the Sea occurred during the government of the Socialist Party of Chile, Michelle Bachelet (more than 35 years later president and another member of the Socialist Party of Chile nationalized the Industrial Copper). The privatization of the sea is related to the collapse of the salmon industry is concentrated in the south. This is mainly attributed to high production costs made recourse to bank credit and poor environmental practices and health, which manifested itself strongly with the appearance of the ISA virus.
Thus, in 2009 amended the Law No. 18,892 "General Fisheries and Aquaculture" by Law No. 20,434 replacing the item No. 81 and incorporating the article No. 81 bis. That amendment allows companies to own a samoneras aquaculture grant to repay the accumulated debt to the bank (amounting to over 2,000 million dollars, where the government of Chile's salmon handed $ 400 million to pay part of the debt and thus to renegotiate). This repayment was made through aquaculture concessions mortgage banking, which is not minor considering an increasing interest and competition for a space of sea.
What comes to crown the plundering of our sea is the Bill amending the "General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture" proposed by the present government of Sebastian Pinera Echenique. He joined the Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture on 14 December, medium, Bulletin No. 8091. Among the amendments incorporating the most concern is that plasma in the first paragraph of the replacement of the item No. 31 which states that "fishing licenses will be tradable divisible, transferable, transferable, and subject to all legal business ".
The incorporation of this article carries a huge stimulus to give additional accumulation of extractive industrial fishing also the arrival of foreign capital (facilitated by free trade agreements signed by Chile) with the aim of taking advantage with national fisheries through the purchase of tradable licenses, thereby obtaining, the right to fish and share tied to the boats.
Whereas, in just ten years we have been robbed of our sea fisheries resources it contains. Also, we have become again a container of exploitable natural resources and usable by anyone with a briefcase full of enough financial capital, whether compatriot or foreigner.
To retrieve the food resources for our people and thus fulfill our "Food Sovereignty" collective right that should be incorporated as common sense among people.
One stanza of the national anthem, that, that many people do chest swell, says: "And the sea that bathes you quiet, I promise the future splendor." Well, as to how quiet you have to ask the scientists of the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of Chilean Navy (SHOA) who said after the earthquake of 27 / F, 2010, with a dangerous and frightening truth safety, NO TSUNAMI!. However, as we all know if there was. In fact, the product of this Constitution in the commune were over a hundred people in the town of Dichato (Tomé Commune, Province of Concepción) killed 25 people. Or perhaps, you also have to ask the thousands of families are still homeless in the fifth and ninth region and still, and at least for another year will live in camps, colloquially called villages.
However, what interests us in this paper is related to the future splendor. Thus, by way of answering the question Who the sea promises and assures future glory?.
To understand how different governments since the return to "democracy" have a privileged few with the enormous wealth inherent in our sea, which together with that bathes the coasts of Peru are one of the five most productive seas the world due to the presence of the upwelling oceanographic regime, we must first place ourselves in the context of the over - exploitation of fisheries resources in Chile. Over - exploitation, in my opinion, relates to the concatenation of three variables: a) Economic Model Exporter, b) the separation between "political and technical" and c) the use of fishing gear and appliances that accelerate overexploitation.
The economic model is essentially based exporter in producing for export. What is boosted with the ongoing free trade agreements that we signed who "govern". Thus, there is a demand which in practice becomes infinity edging, imagine what it means trying to cater to seafood markets in China and India. This huge demand affects production increasing pressure to power supplies, both n the sea and on land. The problem is that in the sea no one is certain what the actual biomass of a particular resource, because, marine populations should be handled with precautionary criteria. However, Law No. 18,892 "General Fisheries and Aquaculture" does not establish that.
This should be concatenated with the rude and dangerous decoupling between "political and technical." Thus, although technical, scientific methods backed internationally estimate an annual global quota removal of a particular resource, the last word belongs to the National Fisheries Council (made up, 3 senior political public confidence in government Time, 7 CEOs by the government of the day, 7 representatives of employers, 7 representatives of labor unions of the companies producing and processing and 5 representatives of artisanal fishermen) that in the attempt to satisfy the huge international market expanded directly the annual fishing quotas.
We must also add the fact that is still used fishing gear and appliances that accelerate the over - exploitation of marine resources. Of these systems and trawls are producing a greater negative impact, by: a) the data were limited selectivity of the target species and size in individuals of harvested resources, b) the harm caused to the marine environment to generate a change in its operation physical - chemical - biological in contact with the bottom of permanently raising the existing sediment there and destroying in its path and irrespective habitat and ecological niches and c) the harm caused to the food chain to accelerate the tendency to over - exploitation of a resource and bycatch by-catch and the incentive to the practice of discarding. In fact, in the trawl fishery for Hake, incidentally capturing about 92 species in total. Of which 42 species are fish, 24 are sharks and rays, 4 are cephalopods like cuttlefish and 19 are crustaceans, starfish and sponges.
So, once acknowledged the state of over - exploitation of the main national fisheries, in 2002 the government, the Militant Socialist Party of Chile, Ricardo Lagos Escobar, who in the words of Ex - Senator and Ex - Secretary General of Socialist Party of Chile Mr. Carlos Altamirano "has been the best center right government of the last century" privatized 12 major domestic fisheries (mackerel, anchovy, Spanish sardine, Sardina Common Hake, Hoki, Hake Southern Hake Three fins, Conger Dorado, Naylon Shrimp, Prawn and Shrimp Colorado Yellow) then handing them to 8 national and 2 foreign companies. However, given the condition of over - exploitation and collapse of fisheries like mackerel and Hake, now and through the business merger are 5 national and 2 multinational companies abroad.
In Northern Chile, from the border with Peru to the southern boundary of the fourth region, extracted with three species of fish quota, the Anchovy, Sardine and mackerel Spanish. Removing them is dominated by three companies which together take 80.2% of the industrial quota. These are (average between 2007 and 2011); a) CORPESCA SA, part of the Angelini group, with 50.4% of the industrial quota for fish in this area, b) Camanchaca Pesquera SA (now merged with Pesquera Bio - Bio SA), belonging to families Fernandez Melendez and Stengel, with 15.7% of the industrial quota for fish in this area and c) Orizon Pesquera SA (merger of SPK SA Fisheries and Fishing San José SA) belonging to the Angelini and Lecaros families and Jorge Meléndez Matetik with 5.4% of the industrial quota for fish in this area. Of the resources referred to emphasizes the removal of the Anchovy, where only CORPESCA SA has an annual fee that exceeds 800,000 tonnes, extraction is more than double that given to the artisanal fisheries sector in the country and represents about 70% removal of the quota for that species nationwide. Capture is designed in a one hundred percent to produce fish meal, in fact, is the leading exporter of fishmeal in the world producing about 6% of world supply.
For the area between the northern boundary of the fifth region of Valparaiso and the northern boundary of the Isla Grande de Chiloé (Region of Los Lagos), extracted with six species of fish quota, the mackerel, anchovy, common sardine, the Hoki and Hake Common Removing them is dominated by four companies together carried 50.2% of the industrial quota for fish. These are (average between 2007 and 2011); a) Fisheries Bluemar SA (merger between Pesquera El Golfo SA and Pesquera Itata SA) families belonging to Santa Cruz, and Sarquis Yaconi, with 16.0% share of industrial fish in this area, b) Orizon Pesquera SA (merger of SPK SA and Pesquera Pesquera San José SA) belonging to the families Lecaros Angelini and Jorge Melendez and Matetik, with 13.8% of the industrial quota for fish in this area , c) Camanchaca Fisheries SA (now merged with Pesquera Bio - Bio SA), belonging to families Fernandez Melendez and Stengel, with 12.9% of the industrial quota for fish in this area and d) Fisheries Seafood SA (ALIMAR ), belonging to the Left - Melendez, with 7.5% of the industrial quota for fish in this area.
For the area between the northern boundary of the Isla Grande de Chiloé (Region of Los Lagos) and the southern boundary of the XII region of Magallanes, extracted with four species of fish quota, the Hake of three fins, the Golden Conger, Austral Hake, Hoki. Removing them is dominated by two multinational companies which together take 80.7% of the industrial quota for fish. These are (average between 2007 and 2011); a) Fisheries Development Company (EMDEPES) SA, belonging to the Japanese company Nippon Suisan Kaisha, which controls 63.4% of the industrial quota to fish in this area, Indeed, it has control of Hoki and Hake Three Fins, where, to this last resort fishing owns 98% of the national industrial quota for this species and b) Fishing Chile SA, a Chilean subsidiary of the Spanish transnational Fishing Nova SA devouring seas from 21 countries. This company has control of 17.3% of the industrial quota for fish in this area, in fact, controls the Golden Eel fishery and toothfish.
Another important fact to understand the continuity of the relationship with the sea that have different "governments" national, is the privatization of the Sea occurred during the government of the Socialist Party of Chile, Michelle Bachelet (more than 35 years later president and another member of the Socialist Party of Chile nationalized the Industrial Copper). The privatization of the sea is related to the collapse of the salmon industry is concentrated in the south. This is mainly attributed to high production costs made recourse to bank credit and poor environmental practices and health, which manifested itself strongly with the appearance of the ISA virus.
Thus, in 2009 amended the Law No. 18,892 "General Fisheries and Aquaculture" by Law No. 20,434 replacing the item No. 81 and incorporating the article No. 81 bis. That amendment allows companies to own a samoneras aquaculture grant to repay the accumulated debt to the bank (amounting to over 2,000 million dollars, where the government of Chile's salmon handed $ 400 million to pay part of the debt and thus to renegotiate). This repayment was made through aquaculture concessions mortgage banking, which is not minor considering an increasing interest and competition for a space of sea.
What comes to crown the plundering of our sea is the Bill amending the "General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture" proposed by the present government of Sebastian Pinera Echenique. He joined the Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture on 14 December, medium, Bulletin No. 8091. Among the amendments incorporating the most concern is that plasma in the first paragraph of the replacement of the item No. 31 which states that "fishing licenses will be tradable divisible, transferable, transferable, and subject to all legal business ".
The incorporation of this article carries a huge stimulus to give additional accumulation of extractive industrial fishing also the arrival of foreign capital (facilitated by free trade agreements signed by Chile) with the aim of taking advantage with national fisheries through the purchase of tradable licenses, thereby obtaining, the right to fish and share tied to the boats.
Whereas, in just ten years we have been robbed of our sea fisheries resources it contains. Also, we have become again a container of exploitable natural resources and usable by anyone with a briefcase full of enough financial capital, whether compatriot or foreigner.
To retrieve the food resources for our people and thus fulfill our "Food Sovereignty" collective right that should be incorporated as common sense among people.
Coastal Aquatic Proteins has created a niche for the self in the field of manufacturing and exporting of Shark Liver Oil, Fish Oil, Fish Meal, Fish Oil India, Fish Oil Manufacturers, Fish Meal Manufacturers and Exporters, Fish Oil Pet, Aquatic Fish Oil, Sardine Oil Manufacturers, Fish Oil Vitamins, Liquid Fish Oil and so on.
ReplyDelete